Notes from the Field - The Pacific or “Peaceful” Ocean (2024)

The global ocean is made up of five major ocean basins: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of these basins as well as the deepest. Its expanse runs 155 million square miles and contains “more than half of the free water on earth.” Not only is it the largest and deepest ocean basin, but it is also the oldest, comprised of rocks that have been dated to be 200 million years old. You may have heard the term “Ring of Fire” associated with the Pacific Ocean. This name stems from the fact that the Pacific Ocean is prone to earthquakes and formation of submarine volcanoes along its extensive ridge and trench systems.

Ring of Fire
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05fire/background/volcanism/media/tectonics_world_map.html

The Pacific Ocean gained its name in the 16th century from the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan and his crew set sail from Spain in 1519 in search of the Spice Islands located to the northeast of Indonesia. The Spice Islands were the largest producers in the world of spices such as nutmeg, cloves, and pepper. They navigated through the Atlantic Ocean and around the tip of South America after which they came across an unfamiliar ocean. He called this ocean ‘pacific’ which means peaceful. Unbeknownst to them, they still had a long journey to the Spice Islands. You can learn more about the voyage of Magellan and his crew here.

Magellan’s Voyage
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6170346.stm

OK, back to science! The CLIVAR P16S field campaign has entered the waters of the South Pacific known as a subtropical gyre. Gyre means “circular or spiral motion.” In the ocean, wind generated surface currents travel in a circular direction, either clockwise or counterclockwise, forming a large, circular body of water. The circular direction of the currents is caused by the Coriolis Force acting to deflect motion to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere due to the Earth’s rotation. The South Pacific gyre is located in the Southern Hemisphere, so winds and water are deflected to the left. Because of the deflection to the left, the gyre circulates in the counterclockwise direction, forcing water to pile up in the center of the gyre. In the last post, “An Appreciation for True-Color Satellite Imagery” we discussed how microscopic plants, or phytoplankton, require nutrients to grow. Blooms (large cell numbers) of phytoplankton cannot grow in these gyres because the water that piles up within the center of circulation is nutrient deficient.

Global Ocean Circulation
http://oceanmotion.org/html/background/wind-driven-surface.htm

We can use the information about the color of the light being absorbed and reflected by the ocean to deduce the concentration of phytoplankton biomass using the proxy Chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a is a pigment that both land plants and phytoplankton use to convert light to sugars in their chloroplast. Chlorophyll a absorbs strongly in the blue color of light. So when there is a lot of Chlorophyll a, then the light reflected back includes very little blue light. When there is very little or no Chlorophyll a, then a lot of blue light is reflected back. The figure below is an ocean color image based on the information I just described. The blue color represents little to no Chlorophyll a (or phytoplankton) present while the bright colors of yellow green and red represent increasing concentration of Chlorophyll a or phytoplankton biomass.

SeaWiFS Ocean Color image, Pacific Ocean
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/image_archive.cgi?c=CHLOROPHYLL

Please bear in mind that this explanation is very simplistic. You can learn more about how ocean color works here.

See the image below for the current cruise track of CLIVAR P16S. They are almost in Tahiti. Just a couple more weeks…

Cruise Track, CLIVAR-P16S

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: NASA’s Ocean Ecology Laboratory Field Support Group is participating in the US Repeat Hydrography, P16S field campaign under the auspices of the International Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP). The US Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR), NOAA and the NSF sponsor this campaign.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05fire/background/volcanism/media/tectonics_world_map.html

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/biggestocean.html

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pacific.html

http://www.iol.ie/~spice/Indones.htm

http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/facts/faqs/what-and-where-are-the-spice-islands

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6170346.stm

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gyre

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml

http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/currents/currents3.htm

http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi/image_archive.cgi?c=CHLOROPHYLL

http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/SeaWiFS/

Tags: Clivar, field sampling, NASA, ocean color, oceanography, optics, phytoplankton, South Pacific, subtropical gyre

This entry was posted on Thursday, April 24th, 2014 at 5:09 pm and is filed under South Pacific Bio-optics Cruise 2014. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

Notes from the Field - The Pacific or “Peaceful” Ocean (2024)

FAQs

Notes from the Field - The Pacific or “Peaceful” Ocean? ›

They navigated through the Atlantic Ocean and around the tip of South America after which they came across an unfamiliar ocean. He called this ocean 'pacific' which means peaceful. Unbeknownst to them, they still had a long journey to the Spice Islands. You can learn more about the voyage of Magellan and his crew here.

What is a short note on the Pacific Ocean? ›

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth. It spans 60 million square miles from California to China, and in certain regions extends tens of thousands of feet below the surface of the water.

Which ocean is the most peaceful? ›

Since the Pacific Ocean covers more of the equatorial area than any other, it is sometimes cited as the calmest ocean, overall. The old mariners who named it seem to have had a sense of this, for 'Pacific' means peaceful.

Who named Pacific Ocean as peaceful ocean? ›

The Pacific Ocean or Mare Pacificum, meaning “peaceful sea,” was dubbed so by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1520 after his treacherous journey to find the “Spice Islands”, now known as the Malaku Islands in eastern Indonesia.

What land touches the Pacific Ocean? ›

The South American Pacific coastline includes Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Asian countries that border the Pacific are Russia, China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, the Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Indonesia.

Is the Pacific Ocean calm? ›

For most of Magellan's voyage from the Strait of Magellan to the Philippines, the explorer indeed found the ocean peaceful; however, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Many tropical storms batter the islands of the Pacific. The lands around the Pacific Rim are full of volcanoes and often affected by earthquakes.

Does Pacific mean peaceful? ›

The word pacific refers to people, actions, and ideas that are peaceful. Pacific actions promote and create peace. A pacifist is a person who opposes all wars, and that word can help you remember that pacific things are also peaceful. All pacific things are done in a peaceful way or help the cause of peace.

What is a peaceful ocean? ›

The Pacific Ocean is the world's largest ocean. It is also called the “peaceful sea” or Tepre Pacificum in Latin. This name was given by Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who discovered it. Pacific Ocean covers the area from the North Pole to the South Pole, which shows the magnitude of its area.

Which sea is the cleanest? ›

The Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula

The Weddell Sea has been claimed by scientists to have the clearest waters of any ocean in the world.

Why is the Pacific Ocean called the quiet ocean? ›

After braving perilous seas and navigating through what are now known as the Straits of Magellan, his small fleet entered an unfamiliar ocean in November 1520. He called this body of water pacific, due to the calmness of the water at the time ('pacific' means peaceful).

What is the largest ocean kids? ›

The Pacific Ocean is the world's largest ocean. It covers about a third of the Earth. The Pacific Ocean stretches from the continents of Asia and Oceania on the east, to North and South America on the west. It also stretches across both sides of the Equator, which is shown in this picture by the red dotted line.

Which country has a two color sea? ›

Qidong City, east China's Jiangsu Province, is located at the confluence of the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River. A dam in the city stands as a barrier between the yellow sand- and silt-laden water of the Yellow Sea and the blue hue of a man-made bay, creating a two-color waterscape.

How old is the Pacific ocean? ›

The Pacific Ocean evolved in the Mesozoic from the Panthalassic Ocean, which had formed when Rodinia rifted apart around 750 Ma. The first ocean floor which is part of the current Pacific Plate began 160 Ma to the west of the central Pacific and subsequently developed into the largest oceanic plate on Earth.

Can all 7 continents fit in the Pacific ocean? ›

Covering approximately 63 million square miles and containing more than half of the free water on Earth, the Pacific is by far the largest of the world's ocean basins. All of the world's continents could fit into the Pacific basin.

What is the Pacific Ocean Short answer? ›

The Pacific Ocean is a body of salt water extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and lying between the continents of Asia and Australia on the west and North America and South America on the east.

What is Pacific short answer? ›

Answer: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all the oceans covering almost one-third of the earth's surface. It is also the deepest ocean with many deep trenches. This ocean also has many big and small islands like New Zealand, Japan, Philippines etc.

What is the Pacific Ocean important for? ›

The Pacific matters to us all, for our climate and food security. The Pacific makes up half of the Earth's Ocean, is home to more marine species than any other ocean basin on the planet, and provides 70% of the global fish catch.

What is the Pacific Ocean definition for kids? ›

The Pacific is the largest of Earth's oceans. It covers more of Earth's surface than all the dry land put together. The explorer Ferdinand Magellan named the ocean El Mar pacifico, which means “the peaceful sea.”

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